Lab Stability of Floating Bodies Group / Section 02 Lecturer DR
Lab Stability of Floating Bodies
Group / Section 02
Lecturer DR. NURRINA BINTI ROSLI
Date Conducted 21 SEPTEMBER 2018
Lab Location THERMAL-FLUID LAB
Lab Objectives
To Design And Conduct One Experiment In Determined The Stability
Of Floating Bodies In Stable And Unstable Equilibrium At Various
Heights.
MARKS
REPORT
TEAM
ASSESSMENT
Student ID Name Signature
FB13040 IZZAT KHAIRI BIN MUHAMMAD KAMIL
HA15016 AHMAD FAHIM AFIQ BIN JAMALUDIN
FA15077 NOR AKMAL BIN ABD AZIZ
FA17057 NUR DIANA FARHANA BINTI ZULKIFLEE
FB17084 WAN RASYIQAH BINTI WAN HAIRUDDIN
35
15
Objectives :
To design and conduct one experiment in determined the stability of floating bodies
in stable and unstable equilibrium at various heights.
Theory :
The total weight that act through centre of gravity should be same to buoyancy force
that also act through centre of buoyancy which is located at centre of immersed
cross section.The Metacentre will identified as the point of intersection between line
of action of buoyancy force which is always be in vertical and buoyancy gravity is
extended.when the pontoon heels through a small angle. Metacentre must be above
the gravity to get a stable equilibrium.
Section through floating pontoon
The centre of gravity and the centre of buoyancy will move to its new position when
the inclining weight moved to one side. The angle of tilt ? is small will assume to
considering the stability of floating body. The theory can be simplified by making an
assumption ? radian = sin ? = tan ? = ? radian. First equation can be determined by
the depth of centre of buoyancy of height of metacentre above the buoyancy and
second moment of inertia can be determined using another equation considering the
restoring moment that rights a rectangular pontoon to an even keel when it is tilted.
BM ? I ws /V
Depth of immersion of pontoon = V/ l b
Centre of buoyancy, CB = V/2 l b
Methods :
1. The inclining weight moved to the centre of pontoon, measured by 0mm on linear
scale and tighten the securing screw.
2. Pontoon floated in the water and the immersed depth d for comparison measured
with the calculated value.
3. The inclining weight was traversed to the right in 15mm increments until the end
of the scale and the angular of displacement (?) of the plumb line for every position
of the weight noted.
4. Traversing the inclining weight to the left of the centre was repeated with the same
procedure.
5. Position of pontoon centre of gravity changed by moving the sliding weight up to
the mast.
6. Evaluated the lower position with the weight at the bottom of the mast.
7. Keep repeating the test and the metacentric height was determined for each new
position of G.
Results :
37.5cm
* All units already convert to SI units
Vertical
distance of
CG (m)
Horizontal distance (m)
0.06 0.04 0.02 -0.02 -0.04 -0.06
Angle of tilt from the vertical rod (rad)
0.0275 0.1745 0.1484 0.0785 -0.0698 -0.1309 -0.1745
0.0775 0.2094 0.1571 0.0698 -0.0349 -0.0698 -0.1047
0.1000 0.1486 0.1221 0.0349 -0.1309 -0.2007 -0.2440
Table 1: The angle observes in the different CG height
Vertical
distance of
CG (m)
Horizontal distance (m)
0.06 0.04 0.02 -0.02 -0.04 -0.06
Metacentric height, Hm (m)
0.0275 0.0296 0.0232 0.0218 0.0245 0.0262 0.0296
0.0775 0.0247 0.0219 0.0245 0.0491 0.0491 0.0491
0.1000 0.0347 0.0281 0.0491 0.0131 0.0172 0.0213
Table 2: The Metacentric height, Hm (m)
X
Graph of angle of vertical rod vs vertical distance of CG
Floating body:
Length, L = 0.3500m
Width, W = 0.2000m
Height of Sides = 0.0800m
Overall Rod Height = 0.3800m
Weight:
All the body, m = 2.15kg
Horizontal sliding weight, mh = 0.184kg
Vertical sliding weight, mv = 0.462kg
Center of Gravity
Xs (from center) = 0m
Zs (from the underside) = 0.075m
Calculations :
Metacentric height:
(1)
Where;
m = mass of adjustable weight (kg)
mp= mass of pontoon (kg)
= displacement of weight
= measured angle of list (radian)
By using the equation (1) to calculate metacentric height
= 0.0296m
Conclusion :
A floating body is said to be stable at its position, if it returns to that position following
a small disturbance. The experiment demonstrates how the stability of a floating
body is affected by changing the height of its centre of gravity and how the
metacentric height may be established experimentally by moving the centre of
gravity sideways across the body.
Throughout this experiment we made it to determine the metacentric height and
varying the metacentric height with angle of heel. By using various heights as shown
in the results, we determine the stability of floating bodies in stable and unstable
equilibrium.
As the lateral position of weight curve been added, the value of angle of list increase.
This make the floating bodies become unstable from time to time. The vale
established in this way agrees satisfactorily with that given by analytical result
BM=I/V.
Application In Industry :
1. Stability Of Ships
a) Intact Stability
– When the intactness of its hull is maintained on the stability of a
surface ship, and no compartment or watertight tank is damaged or
freely flooded by seawater.
– Types of equilibrium conditions that can happen
i. Stable Equilibrium
A stable equilibrium is achieved when vertical position of G is
less than the position of transverse metacentre (M). As the ship
follows to an angle (theta – ?), the center of buoyancy (B) is
shifted to B1. For the result of this condition, the ship will back to
its original position.
Righting Moment is when the ship is the result of uprighting to its original
orientation. The Righting Lever is the lever that causes the righting of a ship is the
separation between the vertical lines passing through G and B1,
and abbreviated as GZ.
ii. Neutral Equilibrium
It occurs when the vertical position of CG coincides with the
transverse metacentre (M). As shown in image below, no
righting lever is generated at any angle of heel. As the result,
heeling moment will not rise to righting moment and ship will
remain in heeled positions as long as neutral stability strong
enough. The larger the angle of heel in stable shift, the higher
risk an unwanted weight shift due to cargo shifting might cause
unstable equilibrium.
Neutral Equilibrium
iii. Unstable Equilibrium
As the vertical position of G is bigger than the position of
transverse metacenter (M) an unstable equilibrium happens.
When the ship tilts to an angle (say theta- ?), the center of
buoyancy (B) now shifts to B1. But the righting lever is now
negative and created further tilts until a stable equilibrium.
Unstable Equilibrium
The stability of the ship is depends on GM ;-
GM > 0 means the ship is stable.
GM = 0 means the ship is neutrally stable.
GM < 0 means the ship is unstable.
Reference :
1. STABILITY OF A FLOATING BODY. (n.d.). Retrieved September 24,2018,
from https://user.engineering.uiowa.edu/~cfd/pdfs/57-020/stability.pdf
2. Chakraborty, S. (2017). Ship Stability – Understanding Intact Stability of
Ships. Naval Architecture, Retrieved September 25, 2018, from
https://www.marineinsight.com/naval-architecture/intact-stability-of-surface-
ships/
3. FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY. (n.d.). Retrieved September 24,2018,
from https://www.scribd.com/document/265632442/Experiment-2-Stability-of-
Floating-Body
4. Mechanics of Fluids and Transfer Processes Laboratory Experiment #2,
STABILITY OF A FLOATING BODY
https://user.engineering.uiowa.edu/~cfd/pdfs/57-020/stability.pdf
5. Stability of a Floating Body, TecQuipment Ltd 2015
http://cste.sut.ac.th/miscste/company/manual/H2.pdf
