Disorders ulcer: This type of ulcer is

Disorders ulcer: This type of ulcer is

Disorders of the Digestive System Hyperacidity Excessive secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is hyperacidity, which is technically known as hyperchlorohydria. It causes heart burn (Severe pain and burning sensation in the epigastric region due to hyperacidity is called heartburn) .

Hyperacidity leads to ulcers. causes 1. Medicines like aspirin 2. Drinks like alcohol 1. Beverages like coffee 1. Cigarette smoking and tobacco chewing 1. Foods containing excess of chilies and spices 1.

We Will Write a Custom Essay Specifically
For You For Only $13.90/page!


order now

Irregular food habits 1. Emotions and stress TreatmentHyperacidity can be prevented by avoiding the factors listed above. Antacids containing sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide gels etc. are used for treating hyperacidity (heartburn). Ulcers An ulcer is a crater like lesion or erosion in a membrane. Ulcers develop in the alimentary canal, which is exposed to acidic gastric juice.

Types of ulcers a) Peptic ulcer: This type of ulcer is caused due to the action of pepsin and HCl in the cardiac part of the stomach. a) Gastric ulcer: This type of ulcer is caused due to hyperacidity in the body part of the stomach. ) Duodenal ulcer: This type of ulcer occurs in the duodenal mucosa, which is constantly exposed, to the action of acidic chyme. Causes Irregular food habits, beverages like coffee, medicines like aspirin, emotions and stress, hyperacidity and hypo secretion of mucus seem to be the causes for ulcers.

HCL acts on the mucosa and causes wounds. However, in the normal course, the alkaline mucus neutralizes HCL and forms a chemical barrier between the highly acid contents of the lumen and the mucosa. It has been discovered that gastric ulcers may also be caused due to bacterial infection.Bacteria like campylobacter pylori and Helicobacter pylori have been found to cause gastric ulcers. Symptoms and Effects Ulcers lead to stomach pain when the stomach is empty, back pain, indigestion, nausea, vomiting, regurgitation of gastric juice into the oesophagus, heartburn, bleeding from ulcers leading to black colored faces etc. chronic ulcers may lead to escape of semi-digested food and certain types of bacteria into the peritoneal cavity leading to severe pain. This condition is called peritonitis.

Treatment Ulcers can be prevented by avoiding the factors (listed above) which stimulate hyperacidity. Antacids are also used.However, in chronic cases, the lesions are removed by surgery.

In severe cases, the gastric branch of the vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve) which stimulates gastric secretion is cut off. This surgery is called vagotomy. Jaundice: Jaundice is a disorder in which the skin, eyes and nails become yellowish due to accumulation of the bile pigment, bilirubin. Types a) Prehepatic or Haemolytic jaundice: This is also known as neonatal or physiological jaundice. It is caused due to heavy destruction of RBC or haemolysis. It occurs in newborn babies in which the rate of haemolysis is greater than the rate of elimination of bilirubin. ) Obstructive or extra-hepatic jaundice: This is caused due to obstructions to the flow of bile from the liver into the duodenum.

The most common cause is the formation of gallstones, which block the ducts. Blockage may also be caused due to inflammation of gall bladder, accumulation of mucus in the ducts etc. c) Infective or hepatic jaundice: This type of jaundice is caused due to infection and cirrhosis of the liver. The causative organisms destroy the liver cells and make the liver incapable of processing bilirubin Causes : The bile pigment bilirubin is a waste product.It is formed due to the breakdown of hemoglobin when the RBCs breakdown, iron, globins’ and bilirubin are formed. Iron and globin are used again but bilirubin is a waste. It is excreted by the liver cells into the intestine along with bile juice and then passed out of the body along with faeces.

If for any reason, bilirubin is not eliminated, it accumulates in the body tissues leading to jaundice. Symptoms and effects: Jaundice leads to yellow coloration of eyes, skin and nails, headache, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, etc. infective jaundice causes bleeding, and shrinkage or cirrhosis of the liver.This condition can result in unconsciousness and may even lead to death, if not treated. Prevention 1.

Exposure of the skin of the newborn babies to early morning sunlight. 2. Drinking boiled and cooled water. 3.

Eating well-cooked food. 4. Avoiding alcohol consumption Treatment Vaccines and antiviral drugs are used against infective jaundice. Obstructions in the bile duct require surgery (cholecystectomy). In recent days, gallstones are removed by Laser lithotripsy.

Hepatitis Infection and inflammation of the liver tissue, bile ducts, and hepatic duct is called hepatitis. CausesIt is caused due to viral or bacterial infection. Several types of hepatitis are known today. Hepatitis-A and more common, which are caused by Hepatitis-A virus (RNA virus) and hepatitis-B virus (an DNA virus) Symptoms and effects Hepatitis brings about yellow coloration of skin and eye. Headaches, fever, loose of appetite, nausea, vomiting and bleeding and shrinkage of liver and anemia. It may even be fatal.

Prevention 1. To drink boiled water. 1. To eat well cooked food. 1. To use disposable syringes. 1.

To undergo vaccination. Treatment Use of anti bacterial and anti viral drugs.

No Comments

Add your comment

x

Hi!
I'm Alfred!

We can help in obtaining an essay which suits your individual requirements. What do you think?

Check it out