Chapter 1

Chapter 1

Chapter 1: Introduction
In the 21st century, education is very important to almost everyone in this world. As the technologies improve from time to time, there are some technologies had also been integrated into the classroom in order to improve the quality of the education and study’s environment. This classroom is also known as smart classroom. The first technology that had been integrated into the classroom is the Smart Board interactive whiteboard. The Smart Board interactive whiteboard operates as part of a system that includes the interactive whiteboard, a computer, a projector and whiteboarding software. This technology is still being used worldwide.
Recently, according to a survey which done by Phil Sharp in US, it was found that 80% of the teachers agree that the usage of technology shows positive result in the classroom. As for now, the most popular technology that used in the smart classroom is the small laptops and tablets due to its easy interface and. For tablet such as iPad, students who have disabilities show positive attitude in learning when they use the tablet. For small laptops such as Chromebooks, it has a simple web-based operating system which allow the students to use it easily during study.

However, in this project, the aim is not to use these advance technologies equipment to build the smart classroom. The aim of this smart classroom project is to build a smart classroom that able to reduce the usage of electricity as well as implement an automated attendance taking system to record the attendance of students systematically. Other than that, an electromagnetic lock will be install at the door of the classroom as well for security purposes.

Nowadays, there are some non-profit organisations encourage the society to reduce the usage of energy to produce a green environment. Since the wastage of electricity is also considered as wastage of energy, thus the team decided to build the smart classroom that able to reduce the wastage of electricity. Next, Proper attendance recording and management has become very important in today’s world. Most of the educational institutions in our country still using paper based attendance method for maintaining the attendance records. This method is not systematic as there are times the lecturers forgot to bring the attendance list to the class or lost it unknowingly. Moreover, it is also time consuming which the lecturer need to call out student’s name to take the attendance. In order to solve this problem, the team decided to implement an automated attendance taking system.
Overview
In this smart classroom project, the 2 main problems that needed to be solve is the wastage of electricity and the attendance taking method. The problem of wastage of electricity is vital as the wastage of electricity causes an increase the amount in electricity bill. Furthermore, wastage of electricity is also shows that the energy is wasted. This problem can be solved by controlling the electrical appliances in the classroom automatically. When there is no one in the classroom, the electrical appliances in the classroom will be switched off and vice versa. Next, the current attendance taking method is not systematic as there is times when lecturers forgot to take the attendance list or lost it unknowingly. Therefore, automated attendance taking system will be implemented in the classroom. This automated attendance taking system will be using RFID technology to record the student’s attendance and store the data into a cloud.
Project Objective
The objectives of this project are such as:
To reduce the wastage of electricity.

To be able to record the attendance in a systematic way by using RFID system.

To minimise the project cost.

Problem statement
The problem statement that is to solve in this project are such as:
What is the improvement that the current smart classroom can be done.

How much is the energy waste can be saved in this project.

How efficient can the data logging can be done compare to the manual way.

How fast can the data write into the cloud.

Chapter 2: Literature Review
INTERNET OF THINGS
Internet of things (IoT) has emerged as a new network paradigm which allows a lot of physical objects in the world to connect with each other. IoT was first proposed in 1999 by Kevin Ashton, who is the co-founder of Auto-ID center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). CITATION Kev09 l 1033 (Ashton, 2009) One of the most common IoT technology is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. Through RFID technology, the physical objects can be identified, tracked and monitored automatically. CITATION XJi12 l 1033 (X. Jia, 2012) Another common technology of IoT is Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which the intelligent sensors are interconnected to periodically sense the monitored environment and send the information to the sink (or base station), at which the collected information can be further processed for end-user queries. CITATION JHe14 l 1033 (J. He, 2014)SMART CLASSROOM
Ciaran O’Driscoll defines a smart classroom is a pseudo intelligent room that can reconfigure itself and its resources automatically based on predefined profiles for specific user groups. CITATION ODr09 l 1033 (O’Driscoll, 2009) Furthermore, Ciaran O’Driscoll also stated that the smart classroom, in simple terms, are interactive classroom that provides an additional level of automated response based on specific situation and are a subset of Smart Spaces. CITATION ODr09 l 1033 (O’Driscoll, 2009) In the future, Ciaran O’Driscoll proposed to develop an interactive response system that can use mobile phones to permit peer instruction at any classroom. CITATION ODr09 l 1033 (O’Driscoll, 2009)Anurag Chaudhary, Gaurav Agrawal and Meghna jharia think that the importance of smart classroom is a new generation educational product which helps students gain more marks and is a step to the future of education. CITATION Anu14 l 1033 (Anurag Chaudhary, 2014) Anurag Chaudhary, Gaurav Agrawal and Meghna jharia also stated that the smart classroom also aim to develop students learning ability as the entire chapters become more interesting to study and hence improve the results of the students. CITATION Anu14 l 1033 (Anurag Chaudhary, 2014)Maheshwari thinks that a smart classroom able to improve the education quality to the students. The students able to learn better concept formation, concept elaboration, improvement in reading skills and academic achievement. CITATION VKM16 l 1033 (V.K.Maheshwari, 2016)
Recently, Uskov and Heinemann found that the smart classroom (SmC) had become a hot topic for discussion internationally. In several recent years, the ideas of smart education (SmE), smart university (SmU), smart classroom (SmC), smart learning environments (SLE), and related topics became the main themes of various pioneering international and national events and projects, governmental and corporate initiatives, institutional agendas and strategic plans. CITATION Usk17 l 1033 (Uskov, 2017)Davar Pishva and G. G. D. Nishantha proposed to design smart classrooms that will integrate voice-recognition, computer-vision, and other technologies, collectively referred to as intelligent agents, to provide a tele-education experience similar to a traditional classroom experience. CITATION Nis08 l 1033 (Nishantha, 2008)-3175127000Figure I: Classroom architecture designed by Davar Pishva and G.G.D. Nishanta CITATION Nis08 l 1033 (Nishantha, 2008)
Jungwoo Lee, Yongki Park and Myung Suk Cha proposed a new smart classroom system through the combination of smart pedagogies, smart content and smart information technologies. “a new classroom environment that is created by the convergence of advanced pedagogies, educational content getting smart, and information technologies and derive the classroom system’s architecture and functionality from the analysis of scenario-based requirements.” CITATION Jun13 l 1033 (Jungwoo Lee, 2013)
At Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT), the Institute had several classrooms equipped with the interactive smartboards. The function of the interactive smartboard allows user to blend computer graphic with the traditional white board for a truly interactive digital learning experience. CITATION Dub17 l 1033 (Anon., n.d.)
Stephen S. Yau, Sandeep K. S. Gupta, Fariaz Karim, Sheikh I. Ahamed, Yu Wang, and Bin Wang proposed to build a smart classroom that facilitates collaborative learning using (Reconfigurable Context-Sensitive Middleware) RCSM which is a middleware for pervasive computing applications. CITATION Ste13 l 1033 (Stephen S. Yau, 2013) 11 Stephen S. Yau, Sandeep K. S. Gupta, Fariaz Karim, Sheikh I. Ahamed, Yu Wang, and Bin Wang also stated that the smart classroom is divided into 2 categories, infrastructure-device which consist of PCS and PDAs with the capabilities of location and light detection and mobile-device which is using the PDAs. CITATION Ste13 l 1033 (Stephen S. Yau, 2013) CITATION Ste13 l 1033 (Stephen S. Yau, 2013)
Figure II: The layout of smart classroom proposed by Stephen S.Yau and his team.

CITATION Ste13 l 1033 (Stephen S. Yau, 2013) 11
Figure III: The architecture of the smart classroom proposed by Stephen S.Yau and his team.

Kirti Tanwar and Stuti Gupta proposed to implement a smart classroom using the Li-Fi technology instead of using the Wi-Fi technology. This is because Wi-Fi technology uses the radio waves and radio frequency communication requires radio circuits, antennas and complex receivers which are also harmful for the human being. CITATION Kir14 l 1033 (Kirti Tanwar, 2014) They also stated that the Li-FI technology is much simpler and uses direct modulation methods similar to those used in low-cost infra-red communications devices such as remote-control units. CITATION Kir14 l 1033 (Kirti Tanwar, 2014).

Chien-Wen Shen, Yen-Chun Jim Wu and Tsung-Che Lee proposed to design a smart classroom by using the near field communication (NFC) technology that able to automated attendance system, locate students, and provide real-time student feedback. CITATION Chi14 l 1033 (Chien-Wen Shen, 2014) CITATION Chi14 l 1033 (Chien-Wen Shen, 2014)Figure IV: The layout of smart classroom proposed by Chien-Wen Shen and his team.

Jeffrey P. Bakken, Vladimir L. Uskov, Archana Penumatsa and Aishwarya Doddapaneni proposed to design a smart classroom that will be able to benefit the students with disabilities. The disabilities are such as learning disabilities, speech and language disabilities, visually impaired or blind and hearing impaired or deaf. CITATION Jef16 l 1033 (Jeffrey P. Bakken, 2016)Paul Morrison compiled 6 key themes of future smart classroom and expect to see it happens in the near future. The 6 key themes are:
IoT spreading across the Institution
Always-on experiences
Intelligent spaces
Wearable and location-awareness solutions
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) for teaching
Multiplication of dense environments
CITATION Mor17 l 1033 (Morrison, 2017)Chapter 3: Product Design
In this project, it is required to design a smart classroom which is to achieve the aim to transform Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC) into smart and green campus. Before designing the smart classroom, there is some constraint and problems need to be identified first. The constraints and problems will be identified in point forms as shown below.

CONSTRAINTS
The modification works should be as few as possible to ease the college wide implementation
The overall implementation cost must be as low as possible to make it happens to all classroom
PROBLEMS
Classrooms in TARUC are always left unattended without the electrical appliances being switched off which results in high electrical bill and wastage of energy.

Classrooms remain in its conventional appearance without much improvement for the past few decades.

In order to solve the problems with the constraints, an initial solution is proposed. The proposed solution will be:
A sensor will be placed in the classroom to sense whether any students left in the class. If there is none, the electrical appliances in the classroom will be switched off.
An automated attendance taking system will be implemented in the classroom. This allows the lecturer to save time by taking attendance of students.

A magnetic lock will be installed at the entrance door of the classroom. This solution able to improve security.

Upon the solutions, the outcomes are:
College’s electricity can be cut down as electrical appliances are not used and forcefully shut down if there is no class in the schedule.

Classroom is protected from time to time as the door will be locked from a period of time to another time.

Lecturer’s beneficial of need no to print, bring and collect the attendance from the students as the attendance taking system is introduced and used, which also allows student no need to sign and pass the attendance list around the class, and recollect by lecturer again.

Improving the attendance rate of the student.
The designs are to divide to 3 parts, that is:
Electronic hardware part which the sensors controlling the current availability to the electrical appliances
Main core software part which the attendance taking system can be executed and signal send and receive by the sensor for controlling the electrical appliances
Scanning and safety hardware and software which controls the safety of the classroom and the happening of the attendance taking system.
Overview Block Diagram

Figure V
Centralized Monitoring System is the desktop computer which allows the uploading, changing and scheduling the information through accessing the database. The information such as student’s information, lecturer/tutor’s information and classes schedule from time to time are updated through this system. If the schedule such as tutor/lecturer is on medical leave or cancel classes or festive, the changes upon the schedule can be immediately perform and upload to the database. Database is the platform where the Centralized Monitoring System are to upload in the information and store into it as well allowed to change. The database will serve and connected to the microcontroller through the Wi-Fi module.

Wi-Fi module act as a pathway and allows the communication between database and the microcontroller’s RX-TX system. Microcontroller will receive the information from database through Wi-Fi module as signal, allows its operation to control the classroom by sending signals to the sensors, hardware systems. The connection between the microcontroller and RFID system allows the changes and updates of the signal to be sent to the database for the Attendance Rubrics.

Sensors are functioned to sense if, any movements are present for the energy saving purposes. Sensors will send signal to the microcontroller when sensed any movement, and allows the electrical appliances to function through the relay switches, as well to switch off if no sensing any movement in the next period of time.

Hardware Control Overview Block Diagram

Figure VI
Upon the setting from the microcontroller with the data from the database which created by the centralized monitoring system:
Relay system will be acted as the allowing or cut-off when either> a certain period of time before the class starts, allows the electrical appliances to be switched on> Scanning system is proceeded and sensors sensed the movement, the relay system will allows the current to flow through certain of the electrical appliances (for no classes in schedule cases)> forever cut off when there is no signal triggered from sensors, not in the schedule AND no power supplyAutomatic Door System which uses Electromagnetism device which attach to the door for allowing the entering when is in the schedule and working hours. It is controlled by the microcontroller by setting the odds of the time interval and the scheduling of the class upon the databases. The signal pulse will be sent from microcontroller, and allows the discharging of the electricity for disabling the electromagnetism which happens between the device on the door.Scanning System Overview Block Diagram

Figure VII
Scanning system is functioned for the attendance taking purpose, allows the information and signal sends to the database through the Wi-Fi module from the microcontroller. When scanning system is executed, it will send signal to the microcontroller and the signal will then communicate to the Wi-Fi module, and overwrite or mark the attendance of that particular in database.
Parts ComparisonMicrocontroller
Microcontroller is an important item in this project. This is because microcontroller will be the brain of the smart classroom as it will control all the sensors and process the data then transfer to the cloud or retrieve data from the cloud. There is a lot of microcontrollers available in the market. However, we decided to choose 3 types of common microcontroller that most of the user will choose to use to do a comparison. The 3 types of microcontroller are:
Arduino UNO
Raspberry Pi 3
ARM Mbed NXP LPC1768
Arduino UNO
Figure VIII
Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATMega328P. Arduino UNO consists of 14 digital I/O ports, 6 analog input ports, 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. 6 PWM digital I/O pins can be found as well on the Arduino UNO. The operating voltage of Arduino UNO is at 5V. Regarding to memory, Arduino UNO has 3 types of memory built-in. The 3 types of memory are:
Flash Memory (32KB)
SRAM (2KB)
EEPROM (1KB)
To write a program into Arduino UNO, a compiler produced by Arduino company need to be downloaded. The compiler is known as Arduino IDE. Arduino IDE supports with C / C++ language which also means that programmer need to have the knowledge of C / C++ in order to write a program and upload into Arduino UNO. Since Arduino is an open source platform, there is a lot of examples and source codes can be found on the Internet. The price of an Arduino UNO will be around RM 30.

Raspberry Pi 3
Figure IX
Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers. Raspberry Pi can runs on non Linux-based operating system or Linux-based operating system. Raspberry Pi 3 is the latest version of Raspberry Pi microcontroller. Raspberry Pi 3 microcontroller is using the architecture of ARMv8-A. The CPU in the Raspberry Pi 3 is running a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53. A 1GB RAM is included in the Raspberry Pi3. There is 40 GPIO extend pin on the Raspberry Pi 3. For additional feature, Raspberry Pi 3 also consists of BCM43438 wireless LAN and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) on board. Besides that, HDMI port also included on the board to connect the Raspberry Pi 3 to a LCD or LED TV screen. usually used for complicated projects. Raspberry Pi 3 are usually used for a complicated project as it has a powerful processor that able to do multiple of tasks at once.

There are a lot of compilers available for programmer to write program and upload into the Raspberry Pi 3. Different compilers use different type of language. Therefore, Raspberry Pi 3 are not suitable for beginner programmer as it requires to understand a lot of programming language. One of the most common language that Raspberry Pi 3 used is Phyton. The cost of a Raspberry Pi 3 is around RM 180.

ARM Mbed NXP LPC1768
Figure X
The ARM Mbed microcontrollers are a series of ARM microcontroller development boards designed for rapid prototyping. ARM Mbed NXP LPC1768 is running with a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3. Regarding to memory, it includes 512KB of FLASH and 32KB RAM. The ARM Mbed NXP LPC1768 also includes built-in Ethernet, USB Host and Device, CAN, SPI, I2C, ADC, DAC, PWM and other I/O interfaces. 26 digital I/O pins can be found on the ARM Mbed NXP LPC1768.
As for the compiler, ARM Mbed NXP LPC1768 is usually program with µVision compiler. Online compiler also allow user to write their program and upload to the microcontroller. µVision compiler and online compiler for ARM Mbed NXP LPC1768 used C language for programming. Moreover, source code and example also can be found on the ARM Mbed community forum. The price of ARM Mbed LPC1768 microcontroller is about RM350.

A table is produced to summarise the 3 types of microcontrollers.
Arduino UNO Raspberry Pi 3 ARM Mbed LPC1768
CPU ATMega328P quad-core ARM Cortex-A53ARM Cortex-M3
Digital I/O 14 17 26
Analog I/O 6 0 6
RAM 2KB 1GB 32KB
Memory 32KB Used Micro-SD card 512KB
Programming language C / C++ C / C++ / PhytonC / C++
Price RM 30 RM 180 RM 350
Additional feature Extension I/O ports HDMI Port / BCM43438 wireless LAN / Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Built-in Ethernet / LCD / LED / Buzzer / Potentiometer / Joystick
Table I
Automated attendance taking systemAutomated attendance taking system is a system whereby the attendance of students will be taken automatically using technologies. There are a few technologies can be use to build this automated attendance taking system. The technologies are such as:
RFID
Biometric fingerprint
Facial recognition
RFID
Figure XI
RFID, which also known as Radio Frequency Identification uses the electromagnetic field to identify and track tags attached to objects. The working principle of the RFID system is the reader coil will generates an electromagnetic field, which couples into the coil on the RFID tag which also known as RFID-Transponder. The field generates a current in the transponder, which powers it, and also contains the transmitted data.
Figue XII
The tags are storing with electronic information. RFID system can be classified by the type of tag and reader. There are 3 classification of RFID systems which are:
Passive Reader Active Tag (PRAT)
This system consists of passive reader which only receives radio signal from the active tag. The active tag is operating with battery.
Active Reader Passive Tag(ARPT)
This system has an active reader, which transmit interrogator signal and receives reply from the passive tag.

Active Reader Active Tag(ARAT)
This system uses active tag awoken with an interrogator signal from the active reader. Besides that, this system could also use a Battery-Assisted Passive (BAP) tag which acts like a passive tag but has a small battery to power the tag’s return reporting signal.

As this RFID system requires a RFID tag to identify an object. Thus, this system consists 3 types of RFID tag. The 3 types of RFID tag are:
Active tag
Active tag consists of a battery and transmit signal periodically.
Passive tag
Passive tag does not consist of battery to transmit signal. However, it uses the radio energy transmitted by the reader to transmit signal.

Battery-Assisted Passive (BAP) tag
Battery-Assisted Passive (BAP) tag has a small battery on board and is activated when in the presence of a RFID reader.

Biometric fingerprint
Biometric fingerprint technology is an automated system that able to recognize a person based on his or her fingerprint’s characteristics. The fingerprint of a person stores his or her personal information. This personal information cannot be stolen and used to access personal information as biometric template cannot be reverse-engineered to recreate personal information. To read the personal information of a person, a fingerprint scanner is needed.

A fingerprint scanner system has 2 jobs which are getting image of your fingerprint and determine the image of fingerprint matches the pre-scanned image. Every fingerprint has its own specific characteristics. These specific characteristics are filtered and saved as an encrypted biometric key. This biometric key will convert into binary code which will be saved for verification purpose. The algorithm cannot be reconverted to an image. Thus, the fingerprint cannot be duplicated.

Figure XIII
Facial Recognition
Face recognition technology measures and matches the unique characteristics of a face for the purposes of identification or authentication. This is similar to the biometric fingerprint technology as it also identifies a person’s information based on physical characteristic. This technology is often leveraging a digital or connected camera, facial recognition software can detect faces in images, quantify their features, and then match them against stored templates in a database.

Figure XIV
RelayRelay are mainly an electricity operated switch and mostly use electromagnet to mechanically operate the switch. When electric current is passed through the coil inside the relay, it generates a magnetic field that activates the movement either connects or breaks the connection with a fixed contact. However, if the current rating of the relay is driven by large current which exceed the current rating, the relay will forcefully malfunction and results overloading.
The types of relay can be divided among mechanical comparison and energy transforming comparison. For mechanical comparison, it is usually to be seen that the relay works with spring operated, or by pneumatic. However, for household and academic places such as school or college, it is usual to use the spring operated relay. While the pneumatic relay is used in the heavy duty area or factory.

Figure XV: Electromagnetic spring operated relay
The spring operated relay are usually perform the operation under the electromagnetism, where when the current is passed through the magnet coil inside, the electromagnet will be energized and actives the electromagnetism between the coil and the steel plate. As the result, the spring will hold the steel plate when electromagnetism is occur, and is release the steel plate when the electromagnet is de-energized, thus switching the current to ON or OFF depends on the connection.

Figure XVI: Pneumatic relay using air flow control
Pneumatic relay is connected to circuits that conduct compressed air rather than flow of electrons by using the same principle. The difference is that when the presence of the compressed air is flowing through one circuit, the force of that energy opens up switch and begin to flow to second circuit. The sensor needs to be present so that to make the switching to occur.

Motion sensors The device that detects moving objects. The device is often integrated as a component of a system that automatically performs a task in its area. Sensors are mostly passive with their sensing a signature only from the moving object via emission or reflection. They are commonly found wide use in domestic and commercial applications.Passive Infrared (PIR) SensorAn electronic sensor that measure infrared light radiating from objects in its field of view. All the objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit heat energy in the form of radiation. These radiation is not visible to human eye because of the wavelength is not visible wavelength but infrared wavelength, but the detection is possible by electronic devices as they designed for this purpose. Passive in this terms meaning that it does not emit or generate energy for detection purposes, but detection the infrared that is emitted or reflected FROM the object.

Figure XVII (left: sensor block diagram; right: PIR sensor)
Ultrasonic sensorAlso as ultrasonic transducer. It divides into 3 boards that is transmitters, receivers and transceiver. The transmitter converts electrical signals into ultrasound, receiver converts ultrasound into electrical signals and transceiver can both transmit and receive ultrasound. It used in systems which evaluate targets by interpreting the reflected signals.
Figure XVIII: Ultrasonic Sensor
Design choices for Smart Classroom
Functionality Choices
Microcontroller model used ARM Cortex M-Bed LPC-1768 -4201517335600Raspberry Pi-3 42013938452100Arduino UNO MEGA
Types of Wi-Fi module used
45351922402600Ethernet -290308-55723000574745-56280500
46151622582000BLE ESP-8266
Protection of electronic part(cut off current when no detection or out schedule) 127052147943005V/ 3.3V input 1 channel 10A Relay
4370542124400 Circuit breaker devices
Types of Motion Sensor used
1249391-35698600
46863045246800Passive Infrared (PIR) 589268-47180600
48260025781000Ultrasonic Type of reading way RFID System Face Recognition Fingerprint
Materials for the system covering (Packaging)
434028-12890500
Plastic 1285280-409258001213663-48002500
Aluminium Glass
Table II: Design Choice Path
100584026479500
100584027368500Design 1
100584029337000Design 2
Design 3
Types of reading frequency for RFID System division:> Low> High> Ultra-high

Weightage Distribution
Performance Weightage Rating: 30%Performance criteria is weighted the highest rating of 30% due to the involving of programming, reading and recording and changing of data, sensing operation and relay operations. The programming for the main core will decide the operations and outcome of the product. Programming of microcontroller:C programmingWi-Fi module connection:Cloud / Drive Operation for relay: switch when detection of sensors and scheduleOperation for sensing:disable if no motion detected after 5 minutesRecording of data:Cloud / Drive uploadChanging of data:Cloud / Drive upload
Cost Weightage Rating: 20%Cost of the product is medium weighted due to the processors and operations availability of the product. Microcontroller in this criteria is used for the main core, will decide the available operations as well the simplicity of the connections. The hardware part, as well is concerned due to the usage of the sensors and the relays as well the protections. The sensor is suggested to install more than one if the space of the installed area is large. Furthermore, the relay module is suggested to install number as because relay is a switch for functioning to cut off or connect for the certain signal given. While the scanning system (feature) will be decide if to or not for the installations because it is a feature that is for the user to decide.Arduino cost:CostAvailable I/O pins> ARM-CortexRM 35070`> Arduino UNO RM 3054> Raspberri Pi-3RM180 14
Safety Weightage Rating: 20%The reason why safety is slightly more important than durability criteria because this system is involving of the connection, especially the relay connection and operations, which if the relay support is not enough to sustain the current needed in the operating area, the worst case scenario of current overflowing will occur and destroy the relay as well the wiring connection of the both hardware part on product and operating area. Circuit breaker or multiple relay control is strongly advised for preventing the worst case scenario to be happened.
Durability Weightage Rating: 12.5%The product is mostly dealt with the electronic parts and the programming interface, therefore the connections of the whole system for the product must assure to be correct and exact position. The lifespan for the product is unpredictable if the operating area having unstable power supply.

Standard Parts Weightage Rating: 12.5%Standards Part is weighted 12.5%. The standard parts for the product can be easily found in robotic or electronic shops for the both hardware parts and scanning system parts. However, it is recommended to use the same model of the product as the configuration in the microcontroller are fixed for all the operations.

Portability Weightage Rating: 5%Portability is rated the lowest of 5% because the product will be packaged as a device which looks like a small box, meaning it can placed no matter where it is. But it is recommended to place them at a fixed position so that the wiring connection can be configured with fixed.

Criteria Rating Matrix
Criteria Weight (%) Design 1
Design 2 Design 3
Rating (0 – 10)
Rating (0 – 10) Rating (0 – 10)
Rate
Weight Rate Weight Rate Weight
Performance
30.0 8.0 0.24000 8.5 0.25500 7.0 0.21000
Cost
20.0 3.0 0.06000 8.5 0.17000 5.5 0.11000
Safety
20.0 6.5 0.13000 7.0 0.14000 4.5 0.09000
Durability
12.5 6.5 0.08125 7.5 0.09375 6.0 0.07500
PartsAvailability
12.5 3.5
0.04375 9.5 0.1185 3.5 0.04375
Portability
5.0 4.0 0.02000 9.0 0.04500 2.0 0.10000
Total
100.0
0.57500 / 57.50% 0.82225 / 82.23% 0.62875 / 62.88%
Table III: Rating Matrix of designs
Through the matrices, design 2 has the highest scoring compare to the other designs, so design 2 is selected.

Explanation Selection of Conceptual Design
Performance
-Design 1 (8.0/10.0)-It earned 8.0 out of 10 because of the functionality of the microcontroller is better but complex as well the program for it are hard to understand and perform. While the Wi-Fi module are ease by just connecting pins to the microcontroller. PIR sensors are great to detect any movement.
-Design 2 (8.5/10.0)-It earned 8.5 out of 10 because of the functionality of the microcontroller is easy to use and performed, as well the I/O pins are greater. The Wi-Fi module are easy to connect and programmed, as well common to get the source code.

-Design 3(7.0/10.0)-It earned 7.0 out of 10. The microcontroller are same as the design 2 but the I/O pins are lesser. The ultrasonic sensor as sensing are not effective range as Passive Infrared.

Cost
-Design 1 (3.0/10.0)It rated 3.0 out of 10.0 only because the cost of the microcontroller is among the highest, the way for reading in extra feature is among the highest, and the device for the protection of the electronic parts is the highest as well.

-Design 2 (8.5/10.0)It earned 8.5 out of 10 because the Wi-Fi module is the most affordable among the choice, the device for the protection of the electronic parts is the most affordable, the way for reading in extra feature is the lowest cost as well the packaging.
-Design 3 (5.5/10.0)It earned 5.5 out of 10 because the cost of microcontroller is among the lowest. The cost of the choice in the motion sensor is affordable as well.

Safety-Design 1 (6.5/10.0)It earned 6.5 out of 10 because it is safe for using the circuit breaker and this allow the immediate cut-off if over current is detected. But for the material, the aluminium might having sharp edge when manufactured and packaged, which will lead to the physical injuries. Also the risk of the privacy when using fingerprint because it is easy to obtain a particular’s fingerprint through some way and possible to steal the information of the particular’s identity.

-Design 2 (7.0/10.0)It earned 7.0 out of 10. Although relay is not as powerful as the circuit breaker, but relay are used as an external control switch and could be use in numbers for the control if it is not needed on the particular electronic devices. The material is plastic and it is assure that is safer than design 2’s material.-Design 3 (4.5/10.0)It rated 4.5 out of 10 because the material used for packaging are glass, which is quite heavy and ease to break if any external force applied.
Durability-Design 1 (6.5/10.0)It earned 6.5 out of 10 because the usage of the aluminium as packaging, where the oxidation and aging will happens on the surface, also the heat transverse will happen under the hot weather, which will damage the board in the system.
-Design 2 (7.5/10.0)It earned 7.5 out of 10 because of the usage of the plastic as packaging. The colour of the plastic can be selected and it is better to use light colour such as white, yellow or light grey for the heat reflecting purpose so that the internal circuit can be protected when hot weather.
-Design 3 (6.0/10.0)It rated 6.0 out of 10 because of the usage of glass as packaging. It is not just light, but transparent or translucent which allows the sunlight under hot weather as well the heat easily pass through and damage the board in the system (depends on the position where user is placed)

Standard Parts-Design 1 (3.5/10.0)It rated 3.5 out of 10 because parts in used in the design are not easily to obtained, such as the aluminium in packaging, circuit breaker, and the usage of the scanning way of fingerprint which it needs authorized agent’s approval. As well the Wi-Fi module and microcontroller and not easily to obtained if any changed or damaged is seen.

-Design 2 (9.5/10.0)It earned 9.5 out of 10 because the parts used in the design are easily to obtain, such as the microcontroller, Wi-Fi module, parts for protecting the electronic devices and parts used for the reading way are easily found in electronic shops if damaged or changed is needed. As well material for the packaging are common to obtained and shaping too.

-Design 3 (3.5/10.0)It rated 3.5 out of 10 due to the packaging part of using glasses are rare to get for replacing, as the usage of the scanning way of face recognition which it needs authorized agent’s approval like design 1.

Portability-Design 1 (4.0/10.0)It rated 4.0 out of 10 because of the usage of circuit breaker, which it is to fixed its position near the power supply.

-Design 2 (9.0/10.0)It earned 9.0 out of 10 because the relay can be used severally and control the connection, as well the product which use product as packaging can be install in anywhere as it is light weight.

-Design 3 (2.0/10.0)It rated 2.0 out of 10 because of the material used for packaging is glass which is the heaviest and risked among the design and not safe to hang in anywhere but supporting.

Flow chart of the product working
Figure XIX: Flow chart
Positioning Definition> Outside of Classroom
Figure XX
The planning of the whole Smart Classroom will have the setting of the position for Microcontroller and the Wi-Fi Module. It is advised to place them on the ceiling and the central site among the classroom as shown in the diagram. This is because it can be balance the usage of the wiring to every scanning devices that will place in front of every room (if, possible). The scanning devices will allow the attendance procedure to be execute and the automated magnetic door will open as safety purpose as well in the schedule where class will be having in. Wi-Fi router is allowed to connect with centralized monitoring system and receive and send data and signal to the microcontroller through Wi-Fi module. Which first its operation is to check if the classroom is in the schedule. >Inside of ClassroomUpon the connection of the microcontroller and the Wi-Fi model is placed outside of the rooms, the relay that controls the electrical components. The advices of the usage of relay to control divides to 3 sets.> 1st set: controlling lamp and fan> 2nd set: computer and projector (ignore if power source is installed inside for the purpose)> 3rd set: switching on/off the purpose usage of air conditioner (this is because air conditioner drained much more than other appliances)The scanning devices is the purpose for the attendance taking. It depends to user where it placed would be better.The sensors are advised to install with this setting IF there is a ceiling block which is same height of the fan in the room. This is because the sensor will still sense the movement of the fan even there is no one in the classroom, results it will still continue to send signal that there is still movement inside and allows the electrical appliances to continue to supply, and thus energy waste.
Figure XXI
Figure XXII: Sensor sensing area (Top view)

Figure XXIII: Sensor sensing area (Side view)
For the case that there is no ceiling block, it is advised that the sensors are to install in this way. This is because the sensor will still sense the movement of the fan even there is no one in the classroom, results it will still continue to send signal that there is still movement inside and allows the electrical appliances to continue to supply, and thus energy waste.

Figure XXIV

Figure XXV: Sensor sensing area (Top view)

Figure XXVI: Sensor sensing area (Side view)

Chapter 4: Impact on society
Smart classroom is getting used in the school and college world-widely. By defining the ‘smart’ in the smart classroom, we are commonly see the smart classroom are used when having lecture or tutorial classes, by using the computer, projector, screen and the whiteboard. Lecturer or tutor will have the slides file which contains the material of the subject, stream them slide by slides through projector projects them on the screen. This ‘smart’ defines as the smart teaching. Through the eras, the ‘smart’ defines more crucial as it defines not just smart in teaching way but save power and increase the efficiencies. Therefore, smart classroom is redefined to have smarter teaching way, saving power and getting more efficient.
HealthSmart classroom consists of electrical components and sensors. The health issues are mostly regarding on the radiation such as electromagnetic field radiation. The radiation that is emitted from the devices and sensors are commonly in wave frequency which is the non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation. Such radio frequency radiation, low frequency radiation. These radiations do not exceed the harmed level and the effect on body are mostly after accumulation or long-time contact of these radiation. The radio frequency will affects the heating of body tissues when in exposed long time, low frequency will have the cumulation of change on body surfaces such as disturbance of nerve and muscle responses. But as mentioned, these effects are only actives after a long time accumulations.
If or unless, the individual suffers disabilities ‘Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity’ or if the individual suffers heart chronic and using device in body ‘pacemaker’, these electromagnetic radiations are fatal to them. For the disabilities ‘Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity’, the individual possibly experiences symptoms such as headache, fatigue, stress, sleep disturbances, pain and ache in muscles and various health problem; for the device in body ‘pacemaker’, these frequencies will develop adverse effect as Electromagnetic interference, which defined as interference of pacemaker function by the signals generated by external source.

Safety and Privacy
The safety concern is assured as the smart classroom in this project are in the objective of safety purpose, which is the reason of the automatic lock system are introduced and involve in this project. While the privacy, the lost of the ID on the scanning object would be a risk or threat because the ID consists of all the information which is similar to personal identification card. To prevent the information leakage, the individual is advice to report and deactivate the lost scanning object and re-do a replacement of it when they lost their ID.

Certification and Legal
Upon the certification to legalize and permit for smart classroom, ISO, which defines standard of the product which includes product design requirement, test methods, product specification, performance requirement, classifications and practises, are to apply by submitting the completed Questionnaire to the SIRIM QAS. The quotation will be issued after feasibility for certification is examined with respect to the standards and availability of testing facilities. After the acceptance of quotations, document evaluation and factory audits, SIRIM QAS issues Product Certification License and will categorize as Trading Company with the product manufactured locally by a Certified Manufacturer. For the certification renewal, it is valid for one year from the date of approval and it is renewable on yearly basis subject to terms and condition. It is understood that this certification allows an independent assurance that the product is manufactured / made under an effective system of testing, supervision and control, safety and reliability, protection against competition from substandard products and misrepresentation,as well as improve efficiency in production and reduce wastage and reject.

Authority of College/ School’s view
For the saving electricity purpose, the unwanted usage can be cut down drastically and therefore save money for the bills.

The usage of the scanning for attendance taking system will have a great impact of changing to the authorities. For instance, the lecturer saves lots of work than before as they need to print the attendance list, passes to students for the signature as present and recollect from them (or call name by name to check if student is present and this takes lots of time), as well they need to bring them every lecture as well to hand in every end of month and does the same again in the following month. For authorities, they will need to collect and check the percentage of the presence for the students one by one. This attendance taking system will save lots of work by just checking the list through the database whether students are present or not. The saving of printing of ink and papers for the attendance list can greatly reduce as well.

While the safety and security purpose, all the aspects in the college or school can save their worries as the classroom will automatically lock when the designated time is reach and unlocked vice versa.

Student’s view
The greatest impact will be feature of the attendance taking system, which they will have high discipline and punctuality to attend the classes in order to gain the attendance. Although it is not fair for some cases that having bad weather happens and students or lecturers that stay at the area which is far away from the college or school, but their willpower on academy will gained. This risk they will face is the misuse of identity if losing scanning object as it is because the primary identity almost similarly to the identification card.
Parent’s view
It has not much impact to parents, but the concerning of their children’s lifestyle and discipline are greatly affected. By introducing the smart classroom, the attendance taking system and security system will ensure and let the parents to be less worry.

Chapter 5: Financial analysis
Company description
SMARTS SDN BHD is a newly established company which provides efficient and reliable services to build a smart classroom in Malaysia. SMARTS SDN BHD owned and operated by partners, Cheng Guan Jie, Teoh Khy Jun and Gan Ji Sheng. SMARTS SDN BHD is set to start its business on 8/1/2018.

Management Directory
Mr Cheng Guan Jie, Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
Mr Cheng studied Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Mechatronics Engineering at Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC). Recently, Mr Cheng did his research on the smart classroom system. Besides that, he possesses a good leadership skill in leading a team. Thus, Mr Cheng is recommended to become the CEO of the company.

Mr Teoh Khy Jun, Chief Operating Officer (COO)
Mr Teoh studied Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Mechatronics Engineering at Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC). Mr Teoh has a high interest in smart classroom system. Furthermore, he has a very good project management skills and knowledges which is the reason he is the Chief Operating Officer (COO) of the company.

Mr Gan Ji Sheng, Chief Technology Officer (CTO)
Mr Gan studied Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Mechatronics Engineering at Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC). Mr Gan has various experiences on building and design of the technology item. Moreover, his also did a lot of research on new technology which we believe that he can hold the position of Chief Technology Officer (CTO).

Product and services
The purpose of the company is to build a smart classroom which will improve the quality of education. As now we are in the 21st Century, students nowadays expose to a lot of smart technology which they find it convenience as well as comfortable to use it at the same time. The design of the traditional classroom had not been changed for a few decades. Therefore, we are now providing the services to build a smart classroom which we believe that the students will feel happy to study in a smart classroom and at the same time the quality of education will improve as well. The product that we have created are such as automated attendance taking system, magnetic door lock and automated electrical appliances control system.

Mission statement
To invent smart technology into a classroom.

To improve the quality of education.

To reduce the usage of electricity of a classroom
To implement automated attendance taking system into a classroom.

Business location and contact details
Location
20A, Jalan Prima Setapak 1,
Setapak, 53300 Kuala Lumpur,
Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur
Contact details
Mr Cheng Guan Jie (012-3059753)
Mr Teoh Khy Jun (017-2960663)
Mr Gan Ji Sheng (016-6288398)
Email: [email protected] projection
Products Price (RM)
Arduino UNO 30
ESP 8266 Wi-Fi Module 15
PIR sensor 42
Relay 1 channel 10A 12
RFID receiver 30
Electromagnetic lock 60
Table IV: Price for product that need to purchase
In this project for 1 classroom, 1 Arduino Mega, 1 ESP 8266 Wi-Fi module, 2 PIR sensor, 4 Relay, 2 electromagnetic lock and 1 RFID receiver is needed. The total price will be:
Total price = 30(1) + 15(1) + 42(2) + 12(4) + 30(1) + 60(1) = RM 267
Investment’s sources Amount (RM)
Cheng Guan Jie20,000
Teoh Khy Jun 20,000
Gan Ji Sheng 20,000
Term loan and Overdraft 200,000
Total 260,000
Table V: The initial fund of company.

Expenses Year 1 (RM) Year 2 (RM) Year 3 (RM)
Accounting, Audit & secretarial fees 6,000 6,000 6,000
Insurance 3,600 4,800 6,000
Rental 30,000 30,000 30,000
Company purchases 15,000 3,000 3,000
Utilities 20,000 20,000 20,000
Advertisement 3,600 3,600 3,600
Miscellaneous overheads 15,000 17,500 20,000
Staff salaries 32,400 32,400 32,400
EPF & SOSCO 4,220 4,220 4,220
Depreciation 3,840 3,840 3,840
Loan repayment (Included interest) 37,699 34,799 32,460
Total 168,460 160,159 161,520
Table VI: Estimated expenses in 3 years.

Pro forma income statement
Year 1 (RM) Year 2 (RM) Year 3 (RM)
Sales revenue 250,000 300,000 350,000
Cost of sales 40,000 80,000 120,000
Gross profit 210,000 220,000 230,000
Expenses 168,460 160,159 161,520
Net profit / loss before tax 41,540 59,841 68,480
Tax (20% of profit) 8,308 11,968.20 13,696
Net profit 33,232 47,872.80 54,784
Cumulative net profit 33,232 81,104.80 135,888.80
Profit of each holder 11077.30 15,957.60 18,261.30
Table VII: Income statement table
Pro forma cash flow
Cash inflow Year 1 (RM) Year 2 (RM) Year 3 (RM)
Cumulative cash from previous year – 410,232 517504.80
Start-up capital 60,000 – –
Term loan and overdraft 300,000 – –
Sales revenue 250,000 300,000 350,000
Total cash inflow 610,000 710,232 867,504.80
Cash outflow Total expenses 168,460 160,159 161,520
Tax (20% of profit) 31,308 32,568.20 34,296
Total cash outflow 199,768 192,727.20 195,816
Net cash flow 410,232 517,504.80 671,688.80
Table VIII: cash flow table
Assumption
In this financial projection, few assumptions had been made. The assumptions are such as:
Bank Term Loan of RM 150,000 with an interest rate of 2.5% per annual.

Overdraft Loan of RM 50,000 with an interest rate of 2.5% per annual.

Employee Provident Fund (EPF) with a constant rate of 12%.

SOSCO rate based on contribution table produced by PERKESO.

Depreciation rate with a constant rate of 12%.

The tax is 20 % of the amount of profit.

Figure XXVII
Based on chart above, the profit of each holder in Year 1 is RM 15,077.30. During Year 2, the profit of each holder increases to RM 16,757.60. In Year 3, the profit of each holder is about RM 19,061.30

Figure XXVIII
In year 2017, the cash inflow is RM 610,000. This amount of cash inflow included the start-up capital, sales revenue, term loan and overdraft. The cash outflow is RM 199,768. The cash outflow included the total expenses of company and tax. Finally, the net cash flow of SMARTS SDN BHD is RM 410,232. The net cash flow will bring into next year.

In year 2018, the cash inflow is RM 710,232. This amount of cash inflow included the net cash flow of Year 2017 and sales revenue. Next, the cash outflow is slightly lower compared to Year 2017. The amount of cash outflow is RM 192,727.20. The net cash flow is RM 517,504.80.

In year 2019, the cash inflow is RM 867,504.80. The amount of cash outflow increases to RM 195,816. Lastly, the net cash flow is RM 671,688.80.

As shown in the chart, 3 years of net cash flow show a positive value. This also means that the company did not loss and got earning in all 3 years.

Chapter 6: Marketing Analysis
In recent years, high growth in the education sector has been observed. Ongoing technological advancement in educational sector has given rise to education technology and smart classrooms that are replacing the traditional classroom. Our main focus in the smart classroom will be replacing paper based attendance system to automated attendance system.

Economical
In our product and services, we decided to build the smart classroom with the easiest and cheapest way. Before selling our product and services, we decided to build a prototype to ensure that nothing will goes wrong when implementing the product into a real classroom and also at the same time reduce the loss to minimum. In our product, an automated electrical appliances control system is the one that will cause troubles if anything goes wrong. This is because this system requires to turn on and off the electrical appliances. Changing the circuit of the electrical appliances will cost a lot. Therefore, we decided to use a relay module to control the electrical appliances. This module will cost about RM 10. A microcontroller is the main components of this smart classroom system. Since our prototype is to build one smart classroom, so we decided to use Arduino UNO which is the cheapest microcontroller. Lastly, the solution for the connection between microcontroller and PC is to use a Wi-Fi module. The reason is because Wi-Fi module is cheap and there will be no wire required to connect the microcontroller and PC.

Product, Price, Promotion
Product strategy
We ensure the customers will feel satisfaction by using our product and services. Besides that, we will ensure to deliver product and services with high quality to the customers. Warranty will be provided as well to the customers if the smart classroom system found faulty.

Pricing strategy
The products and services are reasonably priced to ensure customers able to afford to purchase our product and services. The price list of the products and services will be updated from time to time. Furthermore, a comparison of price with different company will also be provided to the customer to allow customer to choose the cheaper price for the particular products and services.

Promotion strategy
As for promotion, advertisement of the company will be done by using the social media such as facebook. Besides using social media, we will also produce flyer and distribute to potential customers as well. Next, we will also provide discount of products and services from time to time as well. Reviews from the customers will also be part of our promotion strategy as well. A good review by a customer will be spread to other people unknowingly. These good reviews will help the company to sell the products and services to more customers.

Target Market
1. Educational Institutions
This is one of our main target since there are a lot of classroom that still use traditional method to take and maintain the attendance records. This method is by passing the attendance sheet around the class for the student to sign. Some of the students take advantage of it by having their friends to sign for them. Even if the lecturer decides to call out student’s name to take attendance, it will be time consuming and troublesome at the same time if the class size is big. That is why we are here to provide an automated attendance system for them.

2. Building Office
We put less priority on this market but it is still included in our target market. Automated attendance systems help to track employees and their presence within an organization. By monitoring the attendance, organizations can understand the behavior of their employees, such as their arrival and departure times, vacation and sick days, and leaves of absence. The prospects for growth in this market will be impelled by the growing need for higher employee efficiency and better time management in organizations. Organizations use attendance systems management solutions to manage their workforce efficiently. The effective deployment of this system helps organizations to monitor the real-time performance of their employees and also enables easy planning and scheduling of work.

Marketing Plan
We started by providing the automated attendance system in the classroom at Tunku Abdul Rahman University College. We will be designing a system that will suit the need for the students and lecturers and additional features and improvement will be made to further improve the quality of life of the user. Maintenance will be made from time to time to ensure the quality of the system does not degrade. After we have sufficient knowledge and experience in this system we will start to aim for other educational institutions and building office.

Competition
1) MAGNET Security & Automation SDN. BHD.

It is located at Pandan Jaya in Kuala Lumpur. They offer different types of access control but their automated attendance system is mainly based on fingerprint type only.

2) FLEXI Team System SDN. BHD.

It is located at Johor Bahru and their branch is at Melaka and Kuala Lumpur. The service they offer is mainly based on RFID based attendance system.

3) ANVIZ
It is located at Butterworth in Pulau Pinang. They provide different types of attendance and door access system such as fingerprint based, RFID based, facial recognition, iris recognition. However, the service they provide are mostly targeted towards international market.

4) ITS Office Appliance SDN. BHD.

It is located at Puchong in Selangor. It offers different types of office automation but their automated attendance system is mainly based on fingerprint type only.

The market will look our technological advantage as our strength. We have the knowledge and skills to operate the system in a skillful and professional way. We have engineer team ready to ensure that the system runs smoothly. With the knowledge on the latest technology which helps us to improve, we will have the strength to be one of the major competitor in the market.

However, the lack of experience in running the service might be our weakness in the market. Some of the rival companies have the brand trust within the consumers. Their companies have operated for a long period that they have the experience in handling different kinds of service. They have more data and analysis on the market. We might not be more experienced compare to our rival company. However, we have an intense and comprehensive planning. We will slowly upgrade and keep on improve when we get involved in the market and by time to time we will make our system more efficient.

Marketing Survey
To improve our market analysis, a survey of 60 respondents is created which consists of 11 questions to gather information about people’s idea opinions in order to help us in our design.

1. Are you a student or lecturer?
Figure XXIX
Based on the data above, all 60 respondents are student.

2. Have you ever used a smart classroom before?
Figure XXX
Based on the data above, there are only 33.3% (20) of students use a smart classroom before while 66.7% (40) of students never use it before. It is because most of the educational institutions in our country still using paper based attendance system.

3. Do you think it is great to have a smart classroom?
Figure XXXI
Based on the data above, there are 90% (54) of students think it is great to have a smart classroom while 10% (6) of students thinks the other way round. It shows that most of the respondent want to have smart classroom because it has a lot of advantages over normal classroom such as automated attendance recording, energy saving and so on.

4. Have you ever forgot to sign on paper of attendance list during class? (answer this question only if you are a student)
Figure XXXII
Based on the data above, there are 81.7% (49) of students have forgot to sign on paper on attendance list during class before while 18.3% (11) of students are not. This data proves the disadvantages of using paper based attendance system and a new replacement of system is needed.

5. Which attendance system do you think is faster and easier to use?
Figure XXXIII
Based on the data above, there are 86.7% (52) of students think that automated attendance system is faster and easier to use while 13.3% (8) of students think it is not.

6. What type of automated attendance system you think have the least invasion of privacy?
Figure XXXIV
Based on the data above, there are 56.7% (34) of students think RFID based system have least invasion of privacy followed by fingerprint based system which has only 23.3% (14) of students. The last one is facial recognition system which has only 20% (12) of students. This data collected will be one of the factor that RFID based system is used instead of fingerprint and facial recognition system.

7. Do you think an automated attendance system will improve the student’s attendance rate?
Figure XXXV
Based on the data above, there are 80% (48) of students think that automated attendance system will improve student’s attendance rate while 20% (12) of students think it will not improve it. Some student takes advantage of paper based attendance system by having their friend to sign for them and many respondents think that it can improve the attendance rate if change to automated attendance system.

8. Do you want the classroom to turn on power automatically when there are people inside it?
Figure XXXVI
Based on the data above, there are 91.7% (55) of students wish to have the classroom to turn on power automatically when there are people inside it while the other 8.3% (5) students are not. This data further supports our idea by adding sensors that can detect motion in the classroom.

9. Do you think that leaving the electrical appliances turn on when no one is in the classroom is a waste of energy?
Figure XXXVII
Based on the data above, there are 95% (57) of students think that leaving the electrical appliances turn on when no one is in the classroom is a waste of energy while the other 5% (3) of students think the other way round. This data further supports our idea by adding sensors that can detect motion in the classroom.

10. Do you think it is good to implement a classroom that can save energy?
Figure XXXVIII
Based on the data above, all of the students think it is good to have a classroom that can save energy.

11. Do you want a classroom to have security feature?
Figure XXXIX
Based on the data above, there are 91.7% (55) of students want to have a classroom that have security feature while the other 8.3% (5) of students do not want it. This data further supports our idea by open or lock the door automatically depends on the class schedule.

Conclusion
Based on the marketing survey, it is known that they wish to have a smart classroom over a traditional classroom. They also prefer RFID based over fingerprint and facial recognition attendance system because of privacy issue. Information obtained on fingerprint and facial recognition might be hacked or sold to other companies without consent of the individual for illegal purposes. This is why RFID based is still consider as the safest among the three. Besides that, based on the marketing survey we will be undergo further improvement and modification such as turn on and off the power automatically depends whether there are people inside the classroom or not. With this feature energy saving is achieved. Theft is one of the issue to the educational institutions and based on the survey we decided to add modifications on the door that can locked and open automatically depends on the class schedule.

Chapter 7: Project Management
Scope baseline
To design a smart classroom system that will turn on or off the electrical appliances automatically in a classroom depending the presence of students.

To implement an automated attendance taking system in the classroom.

To deliver and demonstrate the product prototype.

Project goals and objectives
At the end of the project, the team should be able to deliver and demonstrate the product prototype without errors.

Project milestone
Programming of the smart classroom system
In this project, it is targeted to be able to write a software program for the smart classroom system without error.

Building hardware of the smart classroom system
In this project, it is targeted to be able to connect the device and sensors without error.

Implement the system into the classroom
In this project, it is targeted to be able to integrate the software parts and hardware parts of the system into the classroom and turn the classroom into a smart classroom.

Monitoring the smart classroom system
In this project, it is targeted to observe the smart classroom system functionality after the implementation of the system into the classroom. Data will also be collected for study purposes.

Project phase
This project had divided into 4 phases:
Planning
In this phase, the team had discussed about the task allocation, budgeting of the project and the conceptual design of products. Planning stage takes about 12 weeks to be done.
Execution
In this phase, the team will start the project. Task such as programming, wiring, debugging and others will be done in this phase.

Monitoring
In this phase, the team will monitor the final product to ensure nothing will goes wrong for the product.

Closing
In this phase, the project will be called as done. The project will close after the products had been delivered successfully.

Work breakdown structure (WBS)
To assign tasks to the team member, work breakdown structure is applied to ensure each task can be handle by each team member.

Figure XL: Work Breakdown Structure
Estimated duration of activity
WBS number Activity list Expected time (days)
1.1 Product Design 3
1.2 Cost and Budgeting 1
1.2.1 Purchase components 1
2.1.1.1 Device programming 21
2.1.1.2 Cloud setup 21
2.1.2.1 Wiring circuit connection 7
2.2.1 Debug software programming 7
2.2.1.1 Modification 7
2.2.2 Identify error in circuit connection 7
2.2.2.1 Modification 7
2.3 System installation 3
3.1.1 Monitoring the product 14
3.2 Collect data 14
Table IX
The table above is to show the estimated time of the project activities to be done.

CPM SCHEDULE
Description Duration (Day) Predecessors
Product Design 3 –
Cost and Budgeting 1 Product Design
Purchase Component 3 Cost and Budgeting
Device Programming 21 Purchase Component
Cloud Setup 21 Device Programming
Wiring circuit connection 7 Purchase Component
Identification error and modification in circuit connection 7 Wiring circuit connection
Debug software programming and modification 7 Cloud Setup , Identification error and modification in circuit connection
System installation 3 Debug software programming and modification
Collect data and monitoring product 7 System installation
Table XCPM = Product Design > Cost and Budgeting > Purchase Component > Device Programming > Cloud Setup > Debug software programming and modification > System installation > Collect data and monitoring product = 3 + 1 + 3 + 21 + 21 + 7 + 3 + 7 = 66 (days)

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